THE JEEP CHEROKEE WIKIPEDIA


The Jeep Cherokee (XJ) is a unibody (monocoque) compact SUV. It shared the name of the original full-size SJ model, but without a body-on-frame chassis, it set the stage for the modern SUV. Its innovative appearance and sales popularity spawned important imitators as other automakers began to notice that this model began replacing regular cars.[3] It was built in Toledo, Ohio, in Beijing, China, inFerreyra, Argentina and Valencia, Venezuela. The XJ platform provided the mechanical basis for the MJ-series Jeep Comanche pickup.
The XJ was selected by Robert Cumberford of Automobile magazine as one of the 20 greatest cars of all time, calling it "possibly the best SUV shape of all time, it is the paradigmatic model to which other designers have since aspired".[4]

Contents

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[edit]1984-1996

Designs of the XJ Cherokee date back to 1978 when a team of American Motors (AMC) and Renaultengineers drew several sketches. A few clay models were based on the existing SJ Cherokee. Early sketches of the XJ Cherokee had a European influence, and most of the styling cues were done by AMC engineers under the direction of Richard Teague. The ongoing debate suggests that Renault sketch artists were involved right after the 1979 partnership with AMC.[citation needed] Noticing that General Motors was developing a new two-door S-10-based Blazer, AMC decided to design an entirely new four-door model, but worried about rollovers, Gerald C. Meyers hired one of Ford's best engineers, Roy Lunnto design what is known as the Quadra-Link suspension.[5] François Castaing developed the drivetrain using a much smaller engine than normally found in 4WD vehicles and reduced the weight of the new model,[6]

1984-1990 Jeep Wagoneer (XJ platform)

1994–1997 Jeep Cherokee (XJ) Sport (Australia)
The XJ Cherokee introduced in 1984 was the first Jeep with a ladder-boxed chassis integrated into a singlemonocoque unit rather than the traditional separate body-on-frame construction.
Both two- and four-door versions of the XJ Cherokee were offered throughout its lifetime, each having exactly the same track and wheelbase measurements. Two-door models, however, received longer doors and front seats that could fold forward to assist in rear passenger entry and exit. This was in addition to extended-length rear windows that did not open, although an optional rear vent window was available on some models. Its appearance has led some to mistakenly believe that the two-door models are a short-wheelbase version of the four-door.
A variation on the Cherokee from 1984 through 1990 was the Jeep Wagoneer. These were unrelated to the similarly named full-sized Grand Wagoneer models that had carried the Wagoneer name before this point. The compact XJ Wagoneer was available in two trim levels: the "Wagoneer" and the "Wagoneer Limited". Both Wagoneers were distinguished from the Cherokee models by their two vertically arranged headlights on both sides. The Wagoneer Limited came with vinyl wood trim on the sides and leather seats embossed with "Limited."
This version was the first to be sold in Europe; it was launched in 1992 in some markets, 1993 for the United Kingdom. Early versions had the 4.0 L (242 CID) six-cylinder engine only; the 2.5 L (150 CID) engine did not arrive in Europe until 1995.
In mid-1985, a two-wheel-drive version of the Cherokee was added to the lineup. This marked the first time any Jeep product was offered with two-wheel drive since 1967, and was done in the hopes of attracting a few more buyers who didn't need (or want to pay for) four-wheel drive. When the XJ Cherokee-based Comanche (MJ) truck was introduced, it was also available in two- and four-wheel drive. The new two-wheel-drive models shared the front suspension with four-wheel-drive models. Jeep simply used a single axle tube from hub to hub with no differential between, resulting in a low added cost front suspension.
American Motors's compact XJ Cherokee was to be replaced by a new and larger model known as the ZJ (later named the Jeep Grand Cherokee when introduced in 1993) that was under development by AMC.[7] However, the smaller model's continuing popularity caused Chrysler executives to rethink this decision, and while the ZJ models were introduced in 1993, the XJ models were retained until 2001. The Jeep XJ has remained a popular choice by off-roading enthusiasts due to its potent off-roading capability in stock form. Its popularity has resulted in strong ongoing aftermarket support in the form of a wide variety of products and upgrade availability.

[edit]Government Use

In the early to mid 1990s, the Jeep Cherokee started becoming popular for government and police use. The Cherokee AHB police package was introduced during the 1992 model year. In response, for 1996, Jeep released a special version of the XJ Cherokee SE for police and fleet use. It featured no interior rear door handles and the 4.0L "Power-Tech" High-Output Inline Six-Cylinder Engine with 190 horsepower.

1993-1996 Jeep Cherokee XJ (Japan)

[edit]Engines

NameDisplacementLayoutFuelPowerTorqueNotesYears
2.5 Litre2464 cc (150 CID)I4,OHVGasoline105 hp (78 kW) @ 5000 rpm132 lb·ft (179 N·m) @ 2800 rpmsingle-barrel carburetor1984−1985
117 hp (87 kW) @ 5000 rpm135 lb·ft (183 N·m) @ 3500 rpmRenix TBI1986
121 hp (90 kW) @ 5250 rpm141 lb·ft (191 N·m) @ 3250 rpmRenix TBI1987-1990
130 hp (97 kW) @ 5250 rpm149 lb·ft (202 N·m) @ 3250 rpmChrysler MPI1991-1996
2.8L V62838 cc (173 CID)V6, OHVGasoline115 hp (86 kW) @ 4800 rpm145 lb·ft (197 N·m) @ 2400 rpmChevrolet LR21984−1986
2.1L TurboDiesel2068 cc (126 CID)I4,SOHCDiesel85 hp (63 kW) @ 3750 rpm132 lb·ft (179 N·m) @ 2750 rpmRenault J8S1985−1994
(1985−1987 in North America)
4.0 Litre3964 cc (242 CID)I6, OHVGasoline173 hp (129 kW) @ 4500 rpm220 lb·ft (300 N·m) @ 2500 rpmRenix MPI1987
177 hp (132 kW) @ 4500 rpm224 lb·ft (304 N·m) @ 2500 rpmRenix MPI1988−1990
190 hp (142 kW) @ 4750 rpm225 lb·ft (305 N·m) @ 4000 rpmChrysler MPI, "High Output"1991−1996
2.5L TurboDiesel2499 cc (153 CID)I4, OHVDiesel114 hp (85 kW) @ 3900 rpm221 lb·ft (300 N·m) @ 2000 rpmVM Motori 425 OHV1995−1996

[edit]1997-2001


1997-2001 Cherokee Sport 4-door

1997-2001 Cherokee Sport 2-door (Germany)

A 1997 Cherokee XJ on a rally inMorocco
After 13 years of production, 1997 saw the Cherokee receive updated exterior and interior styling. Both the two- and four-door bodies remained in production, receiving a steel liftgate (replacing the fiberglass one used previously),a new taillight design, additional plastic molding along the doors, as well as a new front header panel that featured more aerodynamic styling.
The interior was similarly updated with an all-new design and instruments, and a stiffer unibody frame brought improvements to Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) measurements. Also contributing to NVH improvements were new door seals that reduced wind noise at higher speeds.
In the middle of the 1999 model year, vehicles with the 4.0 liter (242 CID) engine received a much improved intake manifold. This was done to help counteract smaller exhaust porting on the latest casting of cylinder heads, which was done to meet more stringent emissions control laws. Both the 4- and 6-cylinder engines were offered through the 2000 model year, though only the straight-six was available in 2001. For the 2000 and 2001 model years, all six-cylinder XJs received a distributorless ignition system using coil-on-plug ignition replacing the 'traditional' system previously used; coupled with better exhaust porting and the newer intake manifolds, this gave a minor increase in power over the previous models. Transmission, axle, and transfer case choices were carried over from the previous models.
However, major changes were underway with a new executive, Wolfgang Bernhard, who was known as a "cost-slasher" nicknamed "whirlwind", came from Mercedes-Benz to turn around Chrysler.[8][9] "One of the first moves Bernhard made when he came to Chrysler in 2000 was to help kill the Jeep Cherokee, an aging, somewhat bland SUV."[10] Thus, the (XJ) Cherokee line was replaced in 2002 by the Jeep Liberty (KJ) , although it is called the "Cherokee" in most foreign markets. The Cherokee (XJ) remains a popular vehicle among 4 wheelers who modify such components as the suspension, drive train, and steering. When (XJ) Cherokee production ended in mid 2001, the portion of the Toledo South Assembly Plant devoted to its production was slowly torn down.[citation needed]

[edit]Government/Police Use

In 1997 the XJ Cherokee was still popular in police and government fleets nationwide. As expected, production of the Cherokee Special Service Package continued for the 1997 model year into the 2001 model year. It still had the same features as the 1996 Cherokee Special Service Package, but the engine now produced 195 horsepower, up 5 horsepower from 190. In 2001, when the XJ Cherokee ceased production and was replaced by the Jeep Liberty, the Cherokee Special Service Package was discontinued. The Jeep Liberty never featured a Special Service Package, however, police and government agencies still used the Liberty in their fleets, and continue to this day.

[edit]Engines

NameDisplacementLayoutFuelPowerTorqueNotesYears
2.5 Litre2464 cc (150 CID)I4, OHVGasoline125 hp (93 kW) @ 5400 rpm150 lb·ft (200 N·m) @ 3250 rpmChrysler MPI1997−2000
4.0 Litre3964 cc (242 CID)I6, OHVGasoline190 hp (142 kW) @ 4600 rpm225 lb·ft (305 N·m) @ 3000 rpmChrysler MPI, "High Output"1997−1999
193 hp (144 kW) @ 4600 rpm231 lb·ft (313 N·m) @ 3000 rpmChrysler MPI, "High Output"2000−2001
TurboDiesel2499 cc (153 CID)I4, OHVDiesel114 hp (85 kW) @ 3900 rpm221 lb·ft (300 N·m) @ 2000 rpmVM Motori 425 OHV1997−2001

[edit]Trim levels

  • Base - 1984-1993
  • SE - 1994-2000
  • Wagoneer - 1984-1990
  • Briarwood - 1991-1993
  • Pioneer - 1984-1990
  • Pioneer Olympic Edition - 1988
  • Chief - 1984-1990
  • Sport - 1988-2001
  • Country - 1993-1997
  • Classic - 1996, 1998–2001
  • Limited - 1987-1992, 1998–2001
  • Laredo - 1985-1997
  • Freedom - 2000
  • 60th Anniversary - 2001

[edit]Available driveline components

[edit]Manual transmissions

  • 1984-only : Borg-Warner T-4 4-speed manual, used with 2.5 L I4 only, 21 spline output.
  • 1984 – 1987 : Aisin-Warner AX4 4-speed manual, used with 2.5 L I4 only, 21 spline output.
  • 1984-only : Borg-Warner T-5 5-speed manual, used with 2.5 L I4 and 2.8 L V6, 21 spline output.
  • 1984 – 2000 : Aisin-Warner AX5 5-speed manual, used with 2.5 L I4, 2.1 L I4 diesel, and 2.8 L V6, 21 spline output.
  • 1987 – Mid-1989 : Peugeot BA-10/5 5-speed manual used with 4.0 L I6, 21 spline output.
  • Late-1989 – 1999 : Aisin-Warner AX15 5-speed manual, used with 2.5 L I4 diesel, 4.0 L I6, 23 spline output.
  • 2000 – 2001 : New Venture Gear NV3550 5-speed manual, used with 2.5 L I4 diesel, 4.0 L I6, 23 spline output.

[edit]Automatic transmissions

  • 1984–1986: Chrysler A904 3-speed automatic, used with 2.5 L I4 and 2.8 L V6.
  • 1987–2001: Aisin-Warner AW-4 4-speed automatic, used with 4.0 L I6.
  • 1994–2000: Chrysler 30RH 3-speed automatic, used with 2.5 L I4.

[edit]Transfer cases

All the transfer cases used on the Cherokee were chain driven with aluminium housings. Command-Trac was standard on XJ models built with 4WD.
  • 1984–1987: New Process NP207 "Command-Trac", part-time only, 2.61:1 ratio with low range
NP207 has the following settings:
  • 1987–2001: New Process NP231 "Command-Trac", part-time only, 2.72:1 ratio with low range
NP231 has the following settings: 2HI, 4HI, N, 4LO
  • 1987–2001: New Process NP242 "Selec-Trac", full-time/part-time, 2.72:1 ratio with low range
NP242 has the following settings: 2HI, 4 full-time, 4 part-time, N, 4LO

[edit]Axles

The Jeep XJ utilizes front and rear solid (live) axles as opposed to independent front and/or rear axles. This configuration allows the XJ to have superior off-road capability and performance at the expense of some on-road comfort and driveability. Mid-1985 and later two-wheel drive models used the same basic suspension with a single tube connecting axle ends with no differential.

[edit]Front Axle

  • 1984–1996: Dana 30, High Pinion, Reverse Cut, 27-spline axleshafts (1989 – 1995 : with ABS used 5-297x universal joints, non-ABS had 5-260x universal joints. Certain XJ models were produced with constant-velocity joints instead of universal joints.)
  • 1996–1999: Dana 30, High Pinion, Reverse Cut, 297x/760 universal joint, 27-spline axleshafts.
  • 2000–2001: Dana 30, Low Pinion, Standard Cut, 297x/760 universal joint, 27-spline axleshafts.
  • 1985–2001: Straight non-driven front axle for two-wheel drive only.

[edit]Rear Axle

  • 1984–1989: Dana 35, non c-clip, with anti-lock braking system (ABS) or non-ABS.
  • 1990–1996: Dana 35, c-clip, ABS or non-ABS.
  • 1997–2001: Dana 35, c-clip, ABS.
  • 1991–1996: Chrysler 8.25", c-clip, non-ABS, 27-spline axleshafts.
  • Late 1996–2001: Chrysler 8.25", c-clip, non-ABS, 29-spline axleshafts.
  • 1987–1990: Dana 44, non-abs, 30-spline axleshafts.

[edit]Axle Gear Ratios

Jeep XJs came in several standard gearing ratios:
  • 3.07:1, manual transmission, I6 engine.
  • 3.54:1, automatic transmission, I6 engine with Dana 44 rear differential.
  • 3.54:1, manual transmission, I4 diesel engine with Dana 35 rear differential.
  • 3.55:1, automatic transmission, I6, V6 engines; manual transmission, I4 engine.
  • 3.73:1, automatic transmission, I6, Tow Package, UpCountry Package.
  • 4.10:1, manual transmission, V6; automatic transmission, I4 engine.
  • 4.56:1, automatic transmission, I4, offroad or tow package.

[edit]Suspension

The Jeep XJ utilizes a coil spring front suspension with a leaf spring rear suspension.

[edit]Front suspension

The Quadra-Link front suspension design locates the axle with four leading control arms to control longitudinal movement and rotation about the lateral axis (drive and braking reaction), two above the axle and two below it. A panhard rod, also referred to as a track bar, is used to locate the axle laterally. Two coil springs are seated on top of the axle housing as well as two gas-charged shock absorbers. The suspension used on vehicles with the optional UpCountry Package provided one inch of lift over the standard suspension. A sway bar is utilized to reduce body roll in turns.

[edit]Rear suspension

The XJ uses a leaf spring rear suspension. Each leaf pack contains four leaf springs with a fixed eye at the front of the spring and a compression-style shackle at the rear of the spring. Two gas-charged shock absorbers are also used, along with a mild anti-sway/anti-roll bar. The suspension used on vehicles with the optional UpCountry Package did not employ the rear anti-sway/anti-roll bar and provided one inch of lift over the standard suspension.

[edit]XJ in Europe


European version Cherokee XJ
A van version of the XJ was offered in addition to the standard vehicles in some European markets. Available in both right- and left-hand-drive models, they were designed to comply with relaxed motor tax regulations in some EU member states governing vehicles intended for primarily commercial use. Both two- and four-door versions are known to have been sold, with the main differences from the standard models being metal panels in place of the rear side windows, no rear seats, and a completely flat cargo area. Two- and four-wheel-drive variants were available, powered by the VM Motori 2.5-litre diesel engine mated to the Aisin AX-5 manual transmission. Photographs of this model can be found here.[11]
The XJ was sold in Europe from 1985 until 2001 (1993–2001 for some markets).

[edit]XJ in China


China Model 2500 Jeep Cherokee (XJ platform)
American Motors established the first automobile manufacturing joint venture in the People's Republic of China to assemble the four-door Cherokee.[12] Production continued after Chrysler's buyout of AMC. Chrysler executives were concerned over licit and illicit technology transfers when knock-offs of the Cherokee began appearing in the Chinese market.[13] The Chinese market BJ 7250 and BJ 2021 (rear-wheel drive and four-wheel drive respectively) had a raised roof in the rear, as they were often meant to be chauffeur driven. Production under Mercedes-Benz continued in the partnership that was renamed Beijing-Benz DaimlerChrysler Automotive. The most recent model with an updated grille, headlights, and other upgrades was known as the "Jeep 2500"[14] and was produced until 2005.[15] It is notable that AMC's original Cherokee design continued to sell virtually unchanged after over twenty years.

[edit]Footnotes

  1. ^ a b "Beijing Jeep". Jumy.de. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  2. ^ "Beijing Automobile Works Co.,Ltd". Chinabaw.cn. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  3. ^ Bradsher, Keith. High and Mighty: SUVs - the World's Most Dangerous Vehicles and How They Got That Way. PublicAffairs, 2002, ISBN 978-1586481230. Page 41.
  4. ^ Robert Cumberford, "20 greatest cars" Automobile Magazine "Great designs never grow old, a truth no better confirmed than by designer Dick Teague's masterpiece, the Jeep Cherokee. Possibly the best SUV shape of all time, it is the paradigmatic model to which other designers have since aspired." Retrieved on: March 12, 2008.
  5. ^ Bradsher, Keith. High and Mighty: SUVs - the World's Most Dangerous Vehicles and How They Got That Way. PublicAffairs, 2002, ISBN 978-1586481230. Page 36.
  6. ^ Bradsher, Keith. High and Mighty: SUVs - the World's Most Dangerous Vehicles and How They Got That Way. PublicAffairs, 2002, ISBN 978-1586481230. Page 37.
  7. ^ Rothenberg, Al (March 1, 1998). "Design Debate - Who's the father of the Jeep Grand Cherokee?". Ward's AutoWorld. Retrieved 2008-05-18
  8. ^ Ostle, Dorothee. "New COO is known as a problem solver" Automotive News, November 27, 2000.
  9. ^ Krebs, Michelle. "New Chrysler: Wolfgang Bernhard Reportedly to Return" Edmunds Auto Observer, July 30, 2007, retrieved on August 9, 2008.
  10. ^ Kiley, David. "Chrysler's New Owner Has Serious Marketing Work To Do" Business Week magazine, May 23, 2008, retrieved on August 9, 2008.
  11. ^ "2000 Jeep Cherokee XJ Commercial Vans pictures, videos, and sounds". SuperMotors.net. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  12. ^ Mann, Jim. (1997). Beijing Jeep: A Case Study of Western Business in China. Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-3327-X.
  13. ^ Smith, Charles R. China's Economic War - Stealing Jobs and Technology From America" Newsmax, September 14, 2004 retrieved on March 28, 2008.
  14. ^ Dunne, Timothy. "Can Chrysler Rebound in China?" Business Week, November 2, 2007. Retrieved on January 22, 2008.
  15. ^ W, John. Jeep 2500 Update - China’s XJ indy jeep, February 25, 2009. Retrieved on August 13, 2009.

[edit]External links

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